Primo y Mussolini

Origen: ABC Madrid 25/11/1923
Purpose: To depict Primo de Rivera as a the caricature of the fat spaniard oligarch. It depicts him as fat and looking a little drunk. It appears to be a very subtle criticism of him because it doesn't make any outright negative statements and the picture is not too offensive. I think this is probably because Primo de Rivera just took power 2 months before.
Value: This shows us what one of the opinions of Primo de Rivera was in Madrid shortly after he took power. It seems that he was not immune to political commentary but that the newspapers needed to be cautious of what they said.
Limitations: This cartoon is limited in what it can tell us because the editors probably needed to be cautious about how much they criticized the new dictator. It does show that there might be a little more freedom of speech now than during the turno system for some publishers.

Origin:David Low, Evening Standard, 10-2-1931
Purpose: Alfonso XIII is serenading a woman who represents the Spanish people. General Berenguer is holding the crown. This is after Rivera has left. It shows how Alfonso was trying to win back or maybe buy time while the general forms a new government. It shows that the public was mad at the moment.
Limitations: Its told from a British magazine, not a Spanish one. So it may not capture the political sentiment perfectly
Value:It is to describe the political feeling at the moment. Alfonso was trying to woo back over the Spanish people after they had rejected the dictatorship of Rivera. The woman looks mad. The other general was called upon to make a new government, though the guy in the picture looks dumbfounded on what exactly to do with the crown.

Origin: September 13, 1930 La Libertad

Purpose: The artist is depicting the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera as a vicious dog/beast that is being defeated by a regular working man. The cartoonist is clearly against the dictatorship and illustrates that days are happier because the defeat has occurred.

Value: It is valuable because it illustrates anti-dictatorship sentiments. It also illustrates this party's progressive and socialist views.

Limitations: La Libertad held a republican view and was clearly against the dictatorship, so obviously the depiction of the dictatorship was very skewed.

Origin: Rivero Gil, La Libertad, 13-9-1930

Purpose: This political cartoon shows Primo De Rivera stabbing some kind of animal, portraying him in a crazy and angry way.  Underneath the cartoon it says "the expired dictator".

Value: La Liberdad was a newspaper, created before Primo De Rivera came to power.  They advocated free speech and didn't hold back with their criticisms about Primo.

Limitations: The animal that Primo is killing is obviously a central part of the cartoon, but it is a bit unclear as to exactly what it represents. 

Primo

Alexander

Pilsudski

Zog

Kemal

Stalin

Musso

Dictatorship high - horse

Origin: January 30, 1930 from the Evening Standard (a british magazine)

Purpose: To make light of Primo de Rivero's retirement from the "dictatorship" role he possessed.

Value: It shows that the rest of europe viewed Rivero's ruling as a "dictatorship"

Limitation: It is from the perspective of a British Magazine.

The Defeat of Fascism

Origin: Altimira, The Esquella of Torratxa, 08/23/1936

Purpose: The purpose of the political cartoon is to symbolize the defeat of Nazi Germany, and also a defeat of fascism. The fight is a symbol of World War I, as the text underneath the picture says, 'Championship Match- the fight for the world title.'

Value: The whole world is watching the fight as Hitler, Stalin and Mussolini are all in the audience. It looks as if Stalin is happy with the result of Nazi Germany/ Fascism is being defeated. It is also valuable because it shows that the majority of the world is content with fascism being defeated and no longer threatening. The ideology may cause uprising and revolution within those countries and leaders do not want that.

Limitation: The magazine, The Esquella of Torratxa, is a republican and anticlerical biased magazine published in Barcelona. With the magazine being republican and anticlerical it may be a slightly biased cartoon. Also, the words that are on the 'winning' fighter's shorts is not clear and made provide some significance.

Origin: El Imparcial, October 4 1923

Purpose: This cartoon has two men talking about having "come out of a boot," or in other words, being kicked out of office. This depicts Primo's goal to get rid of the current municipalities and unite Spain as one instead of allow multiple separate powers.

Value: This cartoon represnts a change in power when Primo came to rule, but at the same time the image itself looks cheerful and casual, possibly correlating with Primo's attitude as a leader.

Limitations: The quotes themselves are somewhat confusing for me and I'm not exactly sure if my analysis is accurate.

How does this cartoon relate to what we discussed in class, specifically on Primo's role as a leader?

Primo de Rivera

Origen: El Imparcial, 26/09/1923

Purpose: to comment on the actions that Primo de Rivera took when he had power

Value: this cartoon was published about two weeks after Primo de Rivera declared himself as Dictator, because of the short time lapse, this cartoon truly shows the feelings of the people at that time.

Limitations: Both Spain and Mexico have a publication called "El Imparcial."  If this was from Mexico, that would limit the authenticity of the cartoon.

Origen: The American's Creed 1917?

Limitations: It seems to be a pretty one sided political cartoon since the Bolsheviks are seen as being homeless and helpless looking people. 

Value: This shows the allied powers in a positive light by trying to do what is right for the Bolsheviks and giving them a well needed haircut.

 

 

  

Purpose: The purpose is to show the intentions of the allied powers and how they are portrayed in having an impact on the Bolsheviks

 

Origin: This cartoon is from the year 1912 and the magazine Madrid.
Purpose: Is to show the audience about the ongoing battle between the two countries
Value:  This cartoon depicts the conflict between Spain and France over Morocco.  Eventually the conflict was resolved when Morocco was split between the two countries.
Limitations:  I wasn't sure why the players were woman.  It seems as though there should be two men playing as the cartoon relates back to battle, which men fought in.

Origin: 1916 cartoon from the Daily Mirror (English)
Purpose: This cartoon is a representation of the Battle of Somme. In this cartoon, the face is of the German leader, the Kaiser, representing the Somme. The cartoon shows that the British army attacked with full force.
 Value: The Battle of Somme was known as one of bloodshed and sadness. In a sense, a punch to the nose may represent the blood. The real value that i get from this image is that Britain struck first and were just unable to get very far.
Limitations: A description of the Battle was given on the site, but no words or description of the meaning behind this image is clearly given. Therefore, much is left up to interpretation. Also, because this cartoon is published in an English newspaper, there is clear bias toward the strength and power given to the British Army.

After watching the movie in class, what do you think this image symbolizes?  

Origin: The original cartoon appeared in the British satirical magazine Punch, during the early part of the War.

Purpose: In this cartoon the Germans are portrayed as a bull running amok in a "neutral china shop" bearing the flags of the neutral nations. The caption reads: "I shall tell everybody that I was goaded into it." The point of the cartoon is that the Germans would attack neutral countries, such as Belgium, with the excuse that they had been provoked by the actions of the victims. 

Value: Helps criticize German tactics publicly

Limitations: It is written in a British view on the war. 

"No sé por qué me la hacen limpiar si el día de las elecciones la tienen que ensuciar otra vez."
Origen: La esquella de la Torratxa 1915
Purpose: The man is implying that the elections are going to make that vase (or whatever he is holding) dirty again. It is a statement of how people didn't believe in the restoration and thought that elections were fraudulent.
Value: It lets us know that not everyone was sold on the current political structure at the time, which is fairly easy to know considering the turbulent political history of Spain.
Limitations: It is a broad attack on corruption, with no specific targets. It promotes general discontentment with the government without offering any solution, though what could the solution to fraudulent elections be anyway? Also, it doesn't say which elections are being held.

Origin: Published November 3, 1918 in the San Antonio Express

Purpose: The purpose of this cartoons is to depict Germany as deceitful and not worth of trust. Hidden within the offering of peace is a snake--a rattle snake which is poisonous; therefore, it is saying that Germany doesn't really desire to make a real peace offering and may have malicious intentions through a peace offering.

Value: This was published on the day that Austria-Hungary surrendered, but Germany had not yet surrendered. So this cartoon is a very valuable and relevant image to the time period and probably gives and accurate representation of what the public thought about Germans.

Limitations: Obviously this cartoon does not include the German opinion of their peace offering. It would be interesting to note how the Germans would have felt about the peace offer and about the allies in general.

Futbol!

Origin:  Gedeón , 17-6-1904

Purpose:  This cartoon shows many major political figures in Spain fighting over  questions of Morocco (in a game of soccer). A major political figure, Fernando Leon y Castillo is in goal. The ball looks to be 'kicked' to the country.  The purpose is to show the opposing view points on the question of Morocco. 
Value: The value of this cartoon is that it shows that the major political figures all had different opinions on Morocco. However, the ball would be given to the country to decide what action will take place. Fernando Leon y Castillo is in goal as he was a key diplomat who eventually led to the Spanish intervention in North Africa.

Limitations:  A limitation of this political cartoon is the actual views of each political figure. However, those politicians wearing the same color, most likely share the same view point.

The Jewelry of Lerroux

Origen: ABC Madrid June 28, 1914

Purpose: This Cartoon is a comment on Lerroux's flashy life style. It notes the value of his jewelry which is ironic because he began his career as a politician advocating radical measures to achieve workers rights.

Value: This shows us how some of the population in Madrid felt about Lerroux's politics and life style. 

Limitations: It is limited in that it only shows the view from Madrid. Lerroux was based in Barcelona and was advocating for workers rights there. People in Madrid would have been removed from him and were probably more likely to see him in a negative light.

World War 1

Origin: News of the World, 22 de diciembre de 1918

Purpose:  This cartoon is a reflection of the childish actions of the German Kaiser Guillermo II who was exiled to Holland after the war and never returned.  He was seen as a coward for hiding out there until he died.  In this photo he is being scolded by what looks like a mother figure that represents the Allies.

Value: The value of this cartoon is that it shows how Guillermo II was seen by a large part of the world at that moment in time.  I looked at the dates and this cartoon was published a month after he was exiled.  This shows how quickly he was considered to be a coward.

Limitations:  The names "The Allies" and "Holland" are written in English.  This therefore limits the scope of this cartoon to the view of the British.  It would have been interesting to see the German take on this event.

Origen:This picture is from El Diario ABC de Madrid. It was published December 22 1919

Purpose: The Purpose seems to be a comment on Catalan independence.  The hat in the top picture the Barretina is a symbol on catalan identity. In the first picture the man looks friendly and then in the second cell he is far more sinister and he transforms the hat into a Gorro Frigio which is a symbol of liberty in Europe and was worn during the French Revolution. The Map behind him changes from a map of Spain and Portugal to a Map of separate nations in the Iberian Peninsula. The purpose is a commentary on the dangers of catalan independence.

Value: This shines light on the opinion of Spaniards who where against Catalan independence and independence of other autonomous communities.

Limitations: Its limitations are that it appeals to an audience who supports a unified spain and does not give more arguments as to why all of spain would split up sure to catalan independence

El nino y un cerdo

Origin: Foto Library of Congress, Washington, DC. Date: Unknown


Purpose: To show, in the form of a picture, how the pig has grown a lot while the boy had not grown at all.


Value: The young boy is seen making fun of the piglet in the thought bubble because at the time the boy was much bigger than the pig. However, with time things had changed. The boy is now much smaller than the pig.


Limitations: A date was not written with the cartoon which makes it a little hard to figure out what time period the cartoon is talking about. However, this is a relative small limitation.

What does "el nino" and "el cerdo" represent? What conflict is the cartoon referring to?

Do you think there is a reason why there are 2 camera men?

Anarchists in 20th Century

Origin: Melbourne, 1919, Charles Nuttall, newspaper

Purpose: To connect the Spanish flu that killed millions to the Anarchists in Spain in the early 20th century.

Value: To question the influence of the Anarchists in Spain through portraying them as similar to the flu. The image portrays the flu as extremely contagious and dangerous, indicating the same was true of the Anarchists.

Limitations: This illustration leaves much up for interpretation. It is unclear whether the illustrator is suggesting that the Anarchists were unable to be distinguished from other people, or that they were spreading their values to others similar to how the flu spread. The message does not seem completely clear to me.



Why do you think the flu and the Anarchists are linked in this cartoon? Would you agree with this interpretation based off of what was discussed in class about the Anarchists?