Rural Town of Ezquioga

 "Long live the Virgin Mary! Death to the current regime! Long live the king
and the monarchy and Segura the Cardinal, the undefeated general
of our brotherhood!"
Origin: La Traca (Valencia), 29 August 1931
Purpose: Ezquioga is a small rural town in the Basque Country where the people are fighting against the republican ideas in the belief of saving the Catholic ways.
Value: The cartoon shows the people ready to defend their town, with a gun in hand and fists up in the air. The people are older, possibly suggesting that it was the older generation who were more conservative and pro-monarchy. Furthermore, the setting is clearly a very rural area, which correlates with the idea that the rural communities wanted to preserve the monarchy whilst the industrial cities were pro-republic.
Limitations: It is somewhat unclear whether the people are heading towards or away from the town and furthermore, this cartoon comes from Valencia, a city, where the view may be bias toward the depiction of this town and the Basque people.
Question: From what we've learned about the Basque people so far, why would they be pro-monarchy?

I love Spain!!!

This cartoon epitomizes how many, especially students studying abroad, view Spain. It also parallels the way Spain's internal situations have a history of being largely ignored by the outside world. Why is Spain's history of political turmoil and divisions glazed over by an international perception of one, beautiful Spain?

Origen: Cuca Fera 26-7-1917

Value: Two men discussion the value of the Russian revolution

Purpose:  This cartoon is shown during the time of the peak of the Russian revolution

Limitations: It's in french making it more difficult to understand

Primo y Mussolini

Origen: ABC Madrid 25/11/1923
Purpose: To depict Primo de Rivera as a the caricature of the fat spaniard oligarch. It depicts him as fat and looking a little drunk. It appears to be a very subtle criticism of him because it doesn't make any outright negative statements and the picture is not too offensive. I think this is probably because Primo de Rivera just took power 2 months before.
Value: This shows us what one of the opinions of Primo de Rivera was in Madrid shortly after he took power. It seems that he was not immune to political commentary but that the newspapers needed to be cautious of what they said.
Limitations: This cartoon is limited in what it can tell us because the editors probably needed to be cautious about how much they criticized the new dictator. It does show that there might be a little more freedom of speech now than during the turno system for some publishers.

Origin:David Low, Evening Standard, 10-2-1931
Purpose: Alfonso XIII is serenading a woman who represents the Spanish people. General Berenguer is holding the crown. This is after Rivera has left. It shows how Alfonso was trying to win back or maybe buy time while the general forms a new government. It shows that the public was mad at the moment.
Limitations: Its told from a British magazine, not a Spanish one. So it may not capture the political sentiment perfectly
Value:It is to describe the political feeling at the moment. Alfonso was trying to woo back over the Spanish people after they had rejected the dictatorship of Rivera. The woman looks mad. The other general was called upon to make a new government, though the guy in the picture looks dumbfounded on what exactly to do with the crown.

Origin: September 13, 1930 La Libertad

Purpose: The artist is depicting the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera as a vicious dog/beast that is being defeated by a regular working man. The cartoonist is clearly against the dictatorship and illustrates that days are happier because the defeat has occurred.

Value: It is valuable because it illustrates anti-dictatorship sentiments. It also illustrates this party's progressive and socialist views.

Limitations: La Libertad held a republican view and was clearly against the dictatorship, so obviously the depiction of the dictatorship was very skewed.

Origin: Rivero Gil, La Libertad, 13-9-1930

Purpose: This political cartoon shows Primo De Rivera stabbing some kind of animal, portraying him in a crazy and angry way.  Underneath the cartoon it says "the expired dictator".

Value: La Liberdad was a newspaper, created before Primo De Rivera came to power.  They advocated free speech and didn't hold back with their criticisms about Primo.

Limitations: The animal that Primo is killing is obviously a central part of the cartoon, but it is a bit unclear as to exactly what it represents. 

Primo

Alexander

Pilsudski

Zog

Kemal

Stalin

Musso

Dictatorship high - horse

Origin: January 30, 1930 from the Evening Standard (a british magazine)

Purpose: To make light of Primo de Rivero's retirement from the "dictatorship" role he possessed.

Value: It shows that the rest of europe viewed Rivero's ruling as a "dictatorship"

Limitation: It is from the perspective of a British Magazine.

The Defeat of Fascism

Origin: Altimira, The Esquella of Torratxa, 08/23/1936

Purpose: The purpose of the political cartoon is to symbolize the defeat of Nazi Germany, and also a defeat of fascism. The fight is a symbol of World War I, as the text underneath the picture says, 'Championship Match- the fight for the world title.'

Value: The whole world is watching the fight as Hitler, Stalin and Mussolini are all in the audience. It looks as if Stalin is happy with the result of Nazi Germany/ Fascism is being defeated. It is also valuable because it shows that the majority of the world is content with fascism being defeated and no longer threatening. The ideology may cause uprising and revolution within those countries and leaders do not want that.

Limitation: The magazine, The Esquella of Torratxa, is a republican and anticlerical biased magazine published in Barcelona. With the magazine being republican and anticlerical it may be a slightly biased cartoon. Also, the words that are on the 'winning' fighter's shorts is not clear and made provide some significance.

Origin: El Imparcial, October 4 1923

Purpose: This cartoon has two men talking about having "come out of a boot," or in other words, being kicked out of office. This depicts Primo's goal to get rid of the current municipalities and unite Spain as one instead of allow multiple separate powers.

Value: This cartoon represnts a change in power when Primo came to rule, but at the same time the image itself looks cheerful and casual, possibly correlating with Primo's attitude as a leader.

Limitations: The quotes themselves are somewhat confusing for me and I'm not exactly sure if my analysis is accurate.

How does this cartoon relate to what we discussed in class, specifically on Primo's role as a leader?